Hamlet’s Indecision Essay

Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, is a bright young man with many talents. He is an academic, a witty orator, and a flawless actor. Certainly, he has the potential to do anything he wants which may have included, in the future, being the King of Denmark. His aptitude for all things calls into question why there is a great delay between Hamlet’s decision to avenge his father’s murder and the actual revenge. It is Hamlet’s idealism which leads to indecision and the reevaluation of his choice to kill Claudius. Hamlet actions should not attributed to mental illness but the purity of his soul. He believes fully that men were born good and were meant to do good things. His strong belief system contrasts strikingly with the reality and corruption of the world when he returns home. He comments on the state of Denmark and more specifically his father’s house, â€Å"‘Tis an unweeded garden that grows to seed; Things rank and gross in nature possess it merely† (Act I, sc ii). He is disgusted not just by his home community but the evil which existed in his family. He finds it difficult to resolve his illusions of what his world was with the reality of the situation. It is his idealist personality which allows him to conceal his bitterness while his internal will pressures him to avenge his father’s death. Hamlet attempts to use logic, a typical idealist characteristic, to determine what course of action he must take. Hamlet struggles with idea that he may be a coward for his inaction. At this point in the play Hamlet does not understand that it is his ‘goodness’ that is delaying his revenge. Despite his nightly supernatural chat with the ghost of his murdered father, he is still unsure if justice should be done by his own hand. Hamlet understands that if Claudius did kill his father he must kill Claudius. He understands that in a world of lies it was hard to tell truth from fiction, and a sinner from a saint. Therefore, Hamlet must have independent proof that his uncle murdered his father. A play within a play is the only way Hamlet, besides direct conformation, is going to be able to tell if Claudius is guilty. It is for this reason that Hamlet invites players in to perform a â€Å"murderous† play to ferret out the truth from his mother and new father. Hamlet’s inability to understand the motives of evil in actions and thought can also be attributed to his sole idealistic viewpoint. He does not understand why anyone would commit murder and therefore he is uncertain that he had ability to violently kill a man. Murderous revenge represents everything that Hamlet is not. Hamlet’s rational intellect allowed him the clarity of mind to understand both the good and bad in the act of the revenge. The mental degradation of Hamlet, is believed to be insanity by the other characters but it was clear to the audience that he is merely coming to terms with what he believes to be right. Hamlet is a religious man and murder was a sin. Hamlet is a man of classical philosophy and revenge is not rational. Choosing to appear mentally impair is good strategy because if the characters believe he is unwell, he will not be able to figure out the true. Hamlet’s true character remains unblemished. Hamlet is a man who believes in chivalry, and slaughter is not gentle. It is those idealistic qualities which causes the postponement of Claudius’ death. It is in the moment that Hamlet allows his emotion to dominate over his intellect that Claudius was killed. He is consumed by the thoughts of his father’s demise and is haunted by the knowledge that his father’s soul will not be able to rest until his death is avenged. Hamlet willfully concludes, â€Å"My thoughts be bloody or be nothing worth† (Act IV sc iv). It is then that Hamlet finally had the ability to suppress his idealistic nature, and do what is right. The murder is not a well planned scheme and occurs in the heat of the moment. Hamlet, after the murder of Claudius never once wavers in his decision. He has done what is right and believes that â€Å"There is a special providence in the fall of a sparrow† (Act V sc ii). Oddly enough fatalism is part of idealistic theory and therefore Hamlet always remains true to himself and his idealism. Hamlet’s idealism makes him the perfect tragic protagonist and leads to theme of indecision. Without his intense regard for the ideals of truth, justice, goodness and beauty there would be no play. His fatal flaw, the belief that men and therefore the world are inherently good, created a moral dilemma which the characters, and plot revolves. Even Hamlet, the academic, comments on the presence of hamartia in human nature. He stated: oft it chances in particular men That for some vicious mole of nature in them, As in their birth, wherein they are not guilty, By the o’ergrowth of some complexion, Oft breaking down the pales and forts of reason, Their virtues else, be they as pure as grace, As infinite as man may undergo, Shall in the general censure take corruption From that particular fault. (Act 1, sc 4). Hamlet continues late in the resolution of the play, â€Å"though I am not spleenative and rash Yet have I in me something dangerous† (Act V. sc i. ) Hamlet’s idealistic nature mismatched with his pragmatic circumstances, which creates the ultimate theme and driving force behind all the rising action, falling action, and resolution of this tragedy.

For the Love of the Game Essay

The poem, â€Å"Black Hair by Gary Soto describes a boy who had and probably still has a love and passion for baseball. Many images throughout this poem support this fact. For example, â€Å"In the bleachers I was brilliant with my body, waving players in and stomping my feet,† â€Å"His crouch the one I assumed before an alter of worn baseball cards in my room,† and â€Å"Â…in my mind I rounded the bases with him, my face flared, my hair lifting/Beautifully,† show how much he loves the game of baseball by putting himself, through imagination, into the game as if he was a player or coach himself. The first image, â€Å"In the bleachers I was brilliant with my body, waving players in and stomping my feet† shows how the boy tries to put himself right there in the game with the players. It makes me believe he is a true fan who really gets into the game. He was probably one of those annoying fans who jump up right in front of you just as someone is running for home plate and you miss it because they block your view through all their excitement. During those moments he probably forgets about everyone around him and feels at that moment he is the only one there. The second image, â€Å"His crouch the one I assumed before an alter of worn baseball cards in my room† to me shows he has been a collector for a while. Some of his baseball cards could have also been his Father’s that may have been handed down to him, which in that case are also old and worn. It makes me think he frequently thumbs through them. I am imagining them to be kept in an old shoebox not really in any type of order. After a game he probably gets them out and pulls out the best players from that game. The third image, â€Å"Â…in my mind I rounded the bases with him, my face flared, my hair lifting/Beautifully† again as in the first image shows me how he really puts himself in the game. He feels like a team player and maybe dreams of one day being a professional himself like Hector Moreno. The way he describes himself by the face flaring and hair lifting makes me believe he can see himself in slow motion heading for home plate and everyone watching and cheering him on as he approaches each base. Each image I have described supports my theory about his love of baseball and his dream of one day being a professional player himself. I think with the loss of his Father, baseball has taken up a big part of his life to maybe fill the void of his loss. He has definitely picked Hector out as a big role model for him and wants to one day be as successful as Hector. He wants to big an important person that people will look up to.

Succesful Entrepreneur

Choose any successful entrepreneur in Malaysia or outside Malaysia. Then explain why you choose he/she as a successful entrepreneur and relate it with entrepreneurial competencies. The person that i choose to be the great entreprenure that become the idol to me is Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar Al-Bukhary. He was a great man that motivate us with his success story that inspired and motivated throughout his success in business activities which can make us to be more discipline and working much harder to achieve their dream. That is just the beginning. Now let’s go personally about him. He’s a mysterious man. Where he does not like to show off the luxurious life. For your information, he is easy to get along with other people. He is not the type of people which love to collect luxury car. He has an old model of Proton Perdana and another one is 20 year’s old Mercedes which he used to use it from time to time. Tan Sri Syed Moktar Al-Bukhari is the entreprenure that is so kind and always make a charity work to help other people. He always donate his money and easily to help people especially the poor people and the orphan. Now we go to his background. He was born into a mid- low class family in north of peninsular Malaysia, whose house was without necessities and luxuries. His highest education was only until form five, and he never went to university. A whole lot of his knowledge and experience was gained through his own entrepreneurship experience during his youth time. Due in part his family's mediocre-to-poor background, Syed Mokhtar al Bukhary had to step into the working world in his early life, while pursuing his primary and secondary studies. Syed Mokhtar helped his mother planting and selling vegetables in the market and also selling roti canai. His numeric knowledge was used to help his father in doing daily book keeping. After finishing school, Syed Mokhtar helped his father in breeding cow business but only to see the business washed away by foot and mouth disease. Nevertheless, he took over the business and start over by selling meats. He then move on to packaging the meats and start selling them wholesale. His determination paid off and the business started to take off. what can we see he have become entreprenure when he was small. His idea to run the bussiness rom the small scale business approve that we cannot only depends on a large-scale business to determine the successfull , but depending on the way we done the business with the continuous quality to make sure the business doing well. Now he have prove to us that he can be the best and succesfull business man even he come from the mid low class family, with the determine and hardworking, he can become the great entrepreneur. Characteristic that should be possessed by successful entrepreneur in order to perform entrepreneurial functions effectively have a several factor. One of the factors is initiative. This characteristic has been show by him when he help his father in breeding cow business. He then become the businessman and start over to selling meat. He then move on to packaging the meats and start selling them wholesale. Because of his initiative he he has managed to expand its business to advance from time to time. Al- bukhary Foundation was established in March 1996 as a charitable act to help the poor, support the development of islamic art and culture and promote understanding between civilization. The main objective of Al- Bukhari Fondation is to promote brotherhood among muslims. This foundation is composed of two parts. One section carries out charitable work, while one part of the management of funds from any company in which Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar no interest in it. Until now, al-Bukhary Foundation spent more than RM300 million for religious activities, culture and education. In addition, Yayasan Al-Bukhary only finance poor students. Among the initiatives that are committed to finance poor Muslim students from around ASEAN to study in Malaysia. Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar has show some attitude that he is the person that always help people evenly he has no interest in it. In conclusion, he is the one who concern for high quality of work. As an entreprenure, he acts to do things that meet certain standards of excellence which gives him greater satisfaction. What we can see from his attitude is, he is the one of the successful â€Å"bumiputera† that become the excellence and great billionaire and the one who is then become the icon and idol to the Malaysian. Because of his constribution also, many people has been helped by his Yayasan Al –Bukhary can support they life to go on further and then become the person who is excellence like him.

Human Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Human Psychology - Essay Example As a result, modern psychology is an amalgam of stances, theories and perspective that supplement or contradict each other. Functional psychology or functionalism is a broad psychological school that became popular in the early decades of 20th century. Advocates of functional approach focused on the active (functional) adaptation of human consciousness to the environment (Vandenbos, 2006). Functional psychology relied on the work of William James, a pioneering American psychologist and philosopher, and the evolutionary theory developed of Charles Darwin. The primary concern of functionalists was to understand how the human mind and consciousness functions. Functionalists believed that this could be done via introspection: "Functionalists studied the mind not from the standpoint of its composition-its mental elements of structure-but rather as a conglomerate or accumulation of functions and processes that lead to practical consequences in the real world" (Schultz, & Schultz, 2008, p.145). As a result, functionalists rejected the traditional positivist philosophy of experimental research and advocated the potential of rational thought being concerned with the capability of the mind and practical value of psychological research. The essence of functional psychology was articulated by John Dewey, the brightest representative of functionalism, in his "The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology" (1896). Dewey criticized the notion of elementarism and atomism that dominated early psychology. His criticism also covered the emerging school of behaviorism with its stimulus-response theory (Dewey, 1964). Although functional psychology failed to become a formal school, the concepts and principles formulated by representatives of this approach contributed greatly to the development of behavioral psychology (Schultz, & Schultz, 2008). An essential contribution of functionalism was recognition of the validity of research involving animals, children and people with psychiatric disabilities. Yet the most important contribution of functionalism to contemporary psychological practice was introduction of novel research methods and techniques such as mental tests, questionnaires and physiological measures (Biro, & Shahan, 1982). T his legacy continues to play critically important role in modern psychological practice. Behaviorism The origins of behaviorist perspective, a theory successfully applied in modern psychological practice can be traced back to John Watson (1878 - 1958) whom was the first theorist to formulate the principles of modern behaviorism. The school of behaviorism embraces hundreds of theories, practices, and trends that have emerged over several decades. However, the underlying feature of any behaviorist theory or concept is the emphasis on external influences on behavior and motivation that are viewed as the most critical aspect of understanding the inner world of human beings. Thus, Wilfred Sellars (1963), an outstanding philosopher of the last century whom witnessed emergence development and decline of behaviorism noted "a person may qualify as a behaviorist, loosely or attitudinally speaking, if they insist on confirming hypotheses about psychological events in terms of behavioral

Some botanists argue that in some cases the extraction of starch from Essay

Some botanists argue that in some cases the extraction of starch from sago palm is an easier alternative to traditional agricult - Essay Example One conclusion drawn from the research include the idea of using traditional sago palm as a source of starch proves to require more research before it can be implemented at a wider scale. According to Ellen, â€Å"†¦because variability in ecology, management, methods of working, and productivity are intrinsic to all individual sago-harvesting populations, it is, therefore a crucial parameter in understanding its adaptive features as a mode of subsistence and a source of food.† There is therefore a need for further study of the sago palm before it can be used as a substitute to traditional sources of starch. Another conclusion drawn from the research is that the skills and procedure needed in the extraction of starch from sago palm is more like â€Å"deliberately socially transmitted knowledge† (Ellen). This means that in order for one to perfect the extraction process, there must first be a knowledge of the culture that produces it, for sago extraction in the Pacif ic Islands and Southeast Asia is clearly interwoven in the culture of the people involved in it. Is this an interdisciplinary study? Explain your answer.   Ellen’s study is one which is interdisciplinary in nature. The reason is that the process of starch extraction from the traditional sago palm required the author to delve into the culture of the people of South Central Seram in Indonesia, who first developed the process. Without a knowledge of how the people incorporated the starch extraction process in their culture and without enough information on the traditional steps in starch extraction undertaken by the Seram natives, perfect use and further development of the technology would be impossible. Moreover, Ellen mentions a little bit the impact of the utilization of sago palm trees on the environment and the ecological balance of the area. Ellen’s study therefore combines biology, ecology and anthropology. Why is the number of structural components of the extrac tion apparatus not necessarily a gauge of the complexity or efficiency of the process?   The number of structural components of the basic extraction apparatus does not determine the efficiency of the process because the apparatus â€Å"can be modified and elaborated in numerous ways† depending on the overall desired result of the extraction process (Ellen). For example, the troughs can be arranged in many ways or more troughs can be added depending on what the priority of the extraction is, such as maximizing the amount of extracted starch. It is clear that no matter how many variations are done in this part of the process, the principle is still simple. What basic principles had to have been known to develop the technology?   Among the principles that need to have been known before the technology can be developed would include the seven core operations of sago extraction itself: â€Å"cutting, excavating, pounding, pressing or filtering with water, sedimentation and dra ining† (Ellen). Without a knowledge of such basic operations, one would not be able to exactly determine which part of the starch extraction technology needs the most improvement and development in order to maximize yield. Moreover, owing to the fact that sago palm starch extraction requires an interdiscipli

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Case study - Essay Example Management and control of the economy got remodeled, monetary financial systems were introduced, private banking and hard currency system came into existance, customs regulations were relaxed and there were also attempts to promote foreign trade. All these became part of the new economy. The Revdan enterprise was no more functioning within governmental planning that ensured supply of raw materials and provided marketing facilities. Owing to the collapse of the industrial base of the Commonwealth of Independent States, demand for the products manufactured by Revda declined by upto 80 percent. When Ivan tried to introduce new products using new technologies to get over this, one hurdle he faced was that some technologies could not be handled by the visually disabled. ... 2. Information on the opportunities provided by the changes in the economy can help carry out planning at production and marketing levels. 3. Information on the scope of foreign investment in Revda can help decide upon new avenues of growth 4. Information gathered from an extensive evaluation of the company can help the future planning process. 5. Information on the most successful advertising mix in the new economy will enable effective utilization of money set aside for promotion 6. Information on new technologies and cost-reduction techniques will help redesign the product range and reduce the cost. Q3 Explain (in detail) how you would go about obtaining the information you have identified in q2 Market research is the method by which the data listed in question 2 can be gathered. The research problem will be centered on the marketing failures and challenges faced by the company. A cost-benefit analysis will determine the value of the research as against the cost that goes into it. The value will depend on the degree of newness and hence uncertainty in the environment, the degree of complexity of environment, strategic importance and cost of making wrong decisions, the degree of importance the company attaches to the decisions that have to be made and the caution that cost of research project should never rise above the value of the results. The focus of the research will be to find out consumer demand pattern, new market-savvy technologies, opportunities presented by the changed socio-politico-economic environment, and new and effective marketing strategies for Revda Enterprise. Through obtaining authentic data on these aspects, the objectives of this

New Technology that Could Substantially Improve the Output of the Essay

New Technology that Could Substantially Improve the Output of the Bio-Fuels - Essay Example While, solar energy seems to be new, but it is also being in utilization for many years for drying food products and heating water. Biofuel is such type of fuel that can be attained from living organisms. In this way, the energy stored and wasted by the living organisms can be utilized to attain energy. Living organisms both store and waste energy, like the tree and plants store energy in their stems that can be burnt to extract energy, in the similar way, mammals, birds and other animals can provide undigested food that could be utilized to extract energy by going through a certain process. The energy in the undigested food waste can be extracted in two ways; first methods is to dry the undigested food waste and then burn it to extract energy content of the waste and the second method is to biodegrade the waste and then capture the biogas evolved in the process. This paper assembles the different technologies that can enhance the output of the bio-fuels (Emma, np). Different types o f bio-fuels have to be processed differently and thus a different biofuel is obtained. The different types of bio-fuels that involve technology are biodiesel, bio-ethanol and biogas. Bio-ethanol is attained after the fermentation of such foods and food products that have a higher content of sugar, like sugar cane, corn, switch grass, etc. However, any biotic oil could have the potential to become biodiesel by undergoing a simple process that involve first heating and filtering the oil, then treating the oil with the methanol and then washing and drying (Blair, np). Washing and drying may utilize different chemicals like hydroxides, etc. Biogas is extracted through the bio-digest plant that digests the waste food or animal waste utilizing certain type of microorganisms and bacteria to eat up the wastes and generate biogas. Biogas is mostly methane gas; however, some content of sulphur oxides are also present in the gas. The important factor of the bio-digest plant is that the waster from the plant can be utilized as the fertilizers. The plant could be as small as to support a small house or could be as big as to supply fuel for a bigger power generation unit. The advances in all the bio-fuels technologies change the perspective of inputs to the fuel generation plant. For example, for a biogas generation system animal waste is the primary component, however, the technology made a possibility to utilizing any bio waste to generate bio gas. In the similar way, corn starch is the primary components of the bio-ethanol generation system but advancement in the technology made it possible to extract the ethanol from other food sources like switch grass and other plant waste. The advance technology enhanced the possibility of the bio-fuels to be utilized in a more appropriate manner and have major other application, like bio-aviation fuel, high efficiency bio-fuels, etc. The advanced bio-fuels may utilize food and bio wastes, agricultural residue, forestry residue (wood y biomass, etc), crops and non-food feed stocks. The major issue is to increase the sustainability of the bio-fuels and second generation bio-fuels generation are more sustainable as compared to the first generation bio-fuels. However, the product form the second generation

Math and the paraprofessional teaching fractions Essay

Math and the paraprofessional teaching fractions - Essay Example As a teacher, I need to address all the three models in well-designed instructional activities so that Bonnie and Emanuel can develop a rich concept of fractions, which they can use to make sense of measurement, numbers, and operations. To give them the concept of 1/2, I will fold the red sheet into half and will ask them how much reds would be required to cover the yellow part completely. Like this, they will understand that two reds would be required to cover the yellow means one red would be required to cover 1/2 of the yellow sheet. After this, to make them aware with the idea of 1/4, with the help of my students I will fold the blue sheet twice to create fourths. Leaving the paper folded, I will ask the students about the number of blue that would be using to cover the yellow sheet. In this way, they will come to know that four blues would be required to cover the yellow means that each part of the blue is 1/4 of the yellow. For this model, we would be using a linking cube train. We will join the four cubes of the train together; at one end put the signboard of zero and at the other use the signboard written ‘one’ on it. Then to give them the concept of 1/4, I will put the board with question mark after the first cube. Then I will ask them about the number of cubes that are dividing the train. As the answer would be four, likewise I will try to explain them that the whole train is divided into four parts and one cube of the train represents 1/4 of the train. With the same concept, in order to give them the idea of 1/2, I will make the train of two cubes and will put the question mark signboard after the first cube. In this way, I will tell them that since the train is divided into two halves. Therefore, in denominator, we will write the total division that is two and in numerator, we will write the block number that is before

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words - 1

Project management - Essay Example it is not always the case that these projects are successful and achieve the desired objectives, but usually most of them do fail, either in terms of cost, quality, deliverables or time (Meredith & Mantel, 2012). Any project’s success is inherited in the timely ending of the project, attainment of the required objectives or deliverables are delivered, and within the project limitations or constraints. In order to execute the project successfully, it is imperative for the project team or managers to consider some crucial elements of the project, which may be the project cost, time, or resources (Oisen, 1971; Lock, 1994; Atkinson, 1999). Among these aspects, there are three central issues, such as the time, cost and quality, which are the key intentions of any project and hardly be achieved and make the project a successful one (Iqbal, Azam, & Qureshi, 2011). However, the secret of success can be understood by analyzing the executed projects, where the success factors or failure factors can be identified by a careful analysis. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the two real-life projects related to the adoption of Information Technology in the organization by identifying the success factors of these projects, and also to identify the risk factors with the help of risk map as well as provide suggestions for mitigating or managing the risks. ECourier is a well-known UK based organization, where it provides 24/7 and same day courier services to the customers throughout UK. It was started in 2003 and the main objective of the company was to deliver courier service with accurate delivery information or transparency in this information, along with the highest customer relationships through automation. It collects and delivers the packages from all the areas in London, as per customer’s instructions. In the beginning, it was involved in delivering the packages only in London, but now it has developed a huge customer base across the world, and have built many

Thomas Jefferson Dbq Notes Essay Example for Free

Thomas Jefferson Dbq Notes Essay The declaration of independence By Thomas Jefferson Argument * Thomas Jefferson â€Å"Necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the powers of the earth , the separated and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation† * Thomas Jefferson wanted all colonies to have freedom of speech, being entitled to their independence and their rights. Evidence * â€Å"We hold these truths to be self –evident – That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life , liberty and the pursuit of happiness. † * â€Å"†¦. driving their just powers from the consent of the governments; that, whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute its power in such form as to them shall seem most like to effect their safety and happiness.   in General Congress assembled, appealing to the supreme judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions , do , in the name and by the authority of the good people of these colonies , solemnly publish and declare, that these United Colonies are, and of the state of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; and that, as free and independent states, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, co ntract alliances, establish commerce and to do all other acts and things which independent states may of right do. Appeals * Pathos- â€Å"that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. † * Logos-â€Å"the history of the present King of Great Britian is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having, in direct object, the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these seas. * Ethos- Rhetorical Strategies amp; Analysis * Thomas Jefferson uses ANAPHORA as a rhetorical strategy within his speech repeating â€Å"He Has†. * Thomas Jefferson has a frame with in his speech he begins with stating his argument of human rights and ends with his argument.

Prices of Petrol and Diesel in Malaysia

Prices of Petrol and Diesel in Malaysia 1.0 Introduction Microeconomics is a branch of economic analysis that are deals with human behavior and the choices of the small units in economics. It is firms in undertakes to understand the decision-making process of firms and households. It is also concerned with the interaction between sellers and individual buyers and all the factors that had influence the choices that are made by buyers and sellers. In particular, microeconomics had focuses on the patterns of supply and demand and also the output in individual markets and the determination of price. There are two different distinct areas in the field of economic will be study that is microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics studies on how the pricing of element services such as profits, interest, wages and rents are all determined in the market. It is also on how scanty resources are distribute for the production of several products. People who have any wish to start their own business or who want to learn the rationale behind the pricing of the particular services and products. On the other hand, macroeconomics analyzes the accumulate behavior of the whole economy. It studies not just only individual economic units but all the arrangement which are deals with accumulates such as trade cycle, inflation, national income, deflation, public finance and others. Demand and supply including all those important concepts and it is a principle of economic of pricing. Demand and supple concept are using to determining all the prices of goods. Demand is the willingness and ability to buy specific quantities of goods in a given period of time at a particular price. The law of demand states that the higher the price of a good, the lower the quantity demands for that good and vice versa. It also states that there is a reverse relationship between quantity demanded and price. A demand schedule for the graphs had also represents a functional relationship between quantity demanded and price. Supply is clarifies as the willingness and the ability to produce or sell particular services and goods in a given period of time at a particular price. (DevigaVengedasalam, KarunagaramMadhavan and RohanaKamaruddin, 2008) The difference between demand and supply is the word of sell and buy. The law of supply states that the higher price of a good is the quantity supplied for that good and vice versa. The supply schedule for the graphs had also represents a functional relationship between the quantities supplied and price when the other determinants are assumed that all constant. Elasticity is an important concept that can be measured by all the students that are majoring in economics. There are four types of elasticity that is income elasticity (YED), cross price elasticity (XED), price elasticity of supply (PED) and price elasticity of demand (PED). It is a measurement of the proportion of responsiveness of any variable to the change in one of the factors of determinants. 2.0 Demand and Supply On October 2, 2014 petrol and diesel price are increased by 20 cent per litre by Malaysia Government as in line with the federal government’s subsidy rationalization policy. The new retail price of RON95 will be RM2.30 and diesel will be RM2.20 per litre. This change had affected the demand and supply for all the Malaysian consumers. For petrol, the determinants of supply for this case that had happen is the government policies. The supply of goods is also influence by the carry out of various government policies such as subsidies and taxes. If the government charges the sales tax on goods, this will result in the higher cost of production and this will also decrease the supply of goods. Then, the proviso of the subsidies will encourage all the sellers to supply more as the subsidy will reduce the cost. For an example, if the government gives subsidies for goods, the supply of goods will increase. Under these circumstances, the supply of petrol will decrease. â€Å"Although fuel prices have increased for March, prices at farmers’ markets will be still be lower as compared to other markets,† (Ismail, 2015). The government reduces the subsidy rate of petrol. (Themalaymailonline, 2014).From this, it can be seen that the future price of petrol will decrease in demand and supply. For additional, income is the determinant of demand. It can be using to influence the consumers making a decision to buy products or goods or services are the income of consumers. The evident for this determinant is the level of income in country under analysis or appropriate region. The goods that are known as normal good are books, cars, shirts and house. In additional, inferior goods are those salted fish, low-grade potatoes and low-grade rice. The higher income of a consumer getting, the higher quantity of the product they will buy. In fact, when the price of petrol had increase, the demand for petrol is decreasing as the price of related goods is cheaper such as bicycle. This is because consumer having the choice of making a decision to make a desire for things. The demand for petrol in Malaysia is decreasing as the income for every consumers in Malaysia is decreasing or even remain constant. For a better know, the labor market in Malaysia also can be concerned. A worker’ s day can be divided into hours of leisure and hours of work. Besides of that, workers are also be assumed that they have the flexibility to choose their hours for working and leisure. After the year 2013, the minimum wage for Malaysian is not increasing. (MOHR- Minimum Wages, 2013). The minimum wage in Peninsular Malaysia is RM 900 for monthly and RM433 for hourly. Besides, the minimum wage in Sabah, Sarawak and Labuan is RM 800 for monthly and RM3.85 for hourly. (MOHR- Minimum Wages, 2013). As the demand of petrol is decreasing, the number of public transport in Malaysia is increasing. This will happen because all the Malaysian only willing to use on those transport that will not using up the need of petrol. For diesel, government policies is the determinant of supply that is same with the determinant supply for petrol. The supply of goods is also influenced by the implementation of several government policies such as subsidies and taxes. If the government imposes sales tax on goods, this will result in the increase of cost and this will decrease the supply of goods. Then, the proviso of subsidies will encourage all the sellers to supply more as the subsidy will reduce the cost. For example, if the government provides subsidies for goods, the supply of goods will increase. Under these circumstances, the supply of diesel will decrease. Through all of these, it can be seen that the future price of diesel in demand and supply is decrease. In additional, income is the determinant of demand for diesel. The evident is the level of income country under analysis or in an appropriate region. As all the Malaysian knows that diesel is more expensive than the petrol. In this case, the consumers also have more choice to choose or make a decision in individual. Same as the determinant of demand for petrol, the increase of the income of consumer, the quantity of demand also will increase. The demand of diesel in Malaysia is decrease as the price of diesel had already in a higher price than petrol so that the consumer will be lesser and lesser. And this may lead to the firms because in originally diesel already less people use because of the high price. After the year 2013, the minimum wage for Malaysian is not increasing. (MOHR- Minimum Wages, 2013). The minimum wage in Peninsular Malaysia is RM 900 for monthly and RM433 for hourly. Besides, the minimum wage in Sabah, Sarawak and Labuan is RM 800 for monthly and RM3.85 for hourly . (MOHR- Minimum Wages, 2013). This also may increasing the number public transport in Malaysia. 2.1 Graph Demand and Supply of Petrol 2.2 Graph Demand and Supply of Diesel 2.3 Types of Elasticity Price Elasticity of Demand (PED) A measurement of how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in price of that good. It shows the relationship between the price and quantity demand and also had provides an accurate to calculate the effect of a change in price on quantity demand. Then, the price elasticity of demand is calculated as the percentage change in quantity demand divide by the percentage change in price. This equation can use to do the calculation that is about the effect of price changes on quantity demand and on the income that received by the company before and after any price change. After that, the value of price elasticity can classify in five types, such as elastic, inelastic, unit elastic, perfectly inelastic and perfect elastic. The level of response of quantity demand to a change in price can be varying considerably. The quantity demanded changes proportionately more than the price, the value of price elasticity of demand is greater than 1 that is elastic. The percentage that changes in quantity of good is greater that the percent change of that goods price such as petrol. When the quantity demand of PED is less than 1, is call inelastic and the quantity demand is move proportionately less that the price of good. Next, when the value is equal to 1 is called as unit elastic, and the quantity of demand is moving about the same amount as the price of good such as insurance package. When the quantity demand of PED is equal to 0 it is a perfectly inelastic, the price of good and the quantity demand is remain same such as coffin. In addition, when the quantity demand of PED is equal to infinity it is perfectly elastic that means has a small change in the price that had lead to huge change in the quantity demand s uch as housing. Cross Price Elasticity of Demand (XED) Cross price elasticity of demand is show the relationship between two services or goods. Cross price elasticity of demand can defined as a measurement responsiveness of the quantity demand of one good to change in the price of another good. In additional, the cross price elasticity of demand can calculate as the percentage change in quality of good1divided by the percentage change in price of good2. Then, cross price elasticity of demand may be negative or positive value, depend on whether the goods are substitutes or complements. While, if the good A is substitute for good B, when the price of good A increase, thus the coefficient value is positive. For example, if the price of coffee increases, the consumer may purchase more tea and less coffee. In opposite, when the price of another good is decrease, the demand of substitute goods will fall. In contrast, if the good C is a complimentary good for good D, demand for good C decline when the price of good D increases. For example, when the quantity demand of car is increase, the quantity demand of fuel also will increase. If the price of complement falls, the quantity of demand of other good rise. So, the complement goods in cross price elasticity of demand will be negative. In summary, when the degree of elasticity for good XY is negative, the types of goods is complimentary; when the degree of elasticity for good XY is positive, the types of goods is substitute goods; when the degree of elasticity for good XY is equal to zero, , the types of goods is no relat ed goods. Income Elasticity of Demand (YED) Income elasticity of demand can defined as a measure the responsiveness of quantity demand for good to change in the consumer income. The income elasticity of demand can be calculates in the equation of the percentage change in quantity demand divide by the percentage change in income. Income elasticity can used to predict the potential of market. The one of the determinants of consumer demand is income. Income elasticity has shown the changes in income are leading to the change in demand. YED also can use to classify the goods such as luxury goods, inferior goods, necessity goods or normal goods. When a high value of income elasticity for one good, the producer of good can predict to increase in sales or decrease when the elasticity coefficient fall. When the income elasticity coefficient is more than 0, its’ degree of elasticity is elastic and had reveals that it is a luxury good. Luxury goods are the product that are highly desire and associate with wealthy people who bought for some reasons such as to support their status. For example, Gucci, Dior, and LV. When the income elasticity is less than 0, it shows it is an inferior good. Its’ degree of elasticity is negative elastic. The demand for the inferior good is go down as the income is increase such as bus. This is because when the income of people decrease, they just can afford to take a ride but not buying a car. The decline of bus is when the income of people increase. When the income elasticity is greater than 0 and less than 1, it is a normal good and that is the one where demand is directly proportional to the income. Normal goods are the items that income and demand will increase at the same time such as Nike shoes and Polo T-shirts. For example, Polo T-shirts having a normal price so that people are going to make more income to buy it. When the income elasticity is equal to 0, it is a necessity good, this is because the change of income did not affect the good. Necessity goods are the goods or service that are consider to be live in living, such as water, food, and medical care. However, if the price of necessity goods is increasing, people are still buying them because it is necessary for them. Price Elasticity of Supply (PES) Price elasticity of supply is a measurement of the responsiveness in the quantity supplied to a change in price of that good. PES can be calculated in the equation of percentage change in quantity supplied divide by the percentage change in price. There are several factors that can affect the elasticity of supply that is the flexibility of seller to produce, perishability, technology improvement, availability and mobility of factors of production and time period. PES is necessary for all the company to know about how quickly and effectively to it that can respond to change all the market condition, especially to the change of price. The price elasticity of supply can be divided into five types of supply curve. When the price of elasticity is greater than 1 it is elastic and that means the quantity supply is moving proportionately more than the price. When the PES is less than 1it is inelastic which means the quantity supply is moving proportionately less than the price. When the PES is equal to 1 it is unit elastic, which means the quantity supply is moving at the same amount as price. When the PES is equal to 0 it is perfectly inelastic which means that regardless of the price and the quantity supply remain the same. When the PES is equal to infinity it is perfectly elastic and it means that a huge change in the quantity demand that is led by a small change in the price. Graph of Price Elasticity of Demand Graph Price Elasticity of Supply 3.0 Conclusion In the future, the price of the petrol and diesel will decrease. Next is the type of the elasticity can help all the people to classify the goods in the market such as necessity goods, luxury goods, normal goods, inferior goods, substitute goods and complimentary goods. And also this concept is important and applicable. After that, the value of PED and PES can be classify as six elasticity, such as perfectly elastic, inelastic, unit elastic, elastic and perfectly elastic. The concept of demand and supply is important because it is the basis of economic of pricing. For the elasticity concept, it is also very important for the business man so that they can change the market or condition for their business. However, if the future price of petrol and diesel is increasing the government should increase the income of consumer, decrease the tax or provide the subsidiaries on the petrol and diesel. So that the consumer can make a better decision for individual.

Two Contrasting Organizations Tesco And Oxfam Commerce Essay

Two Contrasting Organizations Tesco And Oxfam Commerce Essay Tesco is a shopping mart where we can purchase our essential things. It can also be define as a global grocery and general merchandising vendor headquartered in UK. Sir Jack Cohen founded Tesco in 1919, when he began to sell extra food stuff from a stall in the East End of London. Tesco first appeared above a shop in Edgware in 1929 and since then the company has grown and developed. Tesco is the third largest retailer in the world measured by income Tesco private limited corporation (PLC) is the biggest super mart in UK which has 29% of shares in market compared to other companies like asda which has 17% shares in market. PLC private limited company and dont allow its shares for sale publically. Plc company makes profit more than public companies. A Plc company has no limits of share and share capital and there is no limit to the members liability because there is no limitation on members liability Purpose of Tesco is to make money and invest and sale quality products. And provide reliable materials to consumers. Why do Tesco exist? Tesco exist to provide the goods and services that people and earning money and profits from business .it provides jobs for people the Tesco provides daily need products . Products that customers demand like food, clothes, Home electircs,Sound and vision ,Bed and bath, Furniture and kitchen, Clothing and jewellery, Toys and gift, Baby and toddlers, Garden needs. Products and services supplied at profit, at cost and below cost. Tesco is getting profit by introducing new brands and also selling goods at lease.tehy are getting profit on products by supplying them to other countries and at whole sale. They can sell products by introducing off packages to customers at low prices for a specific duration which means to make them as a regular customers to gain profit in future. And also out of seasons sale which shows selling at low cost. Objectives of TESCO are as tesco is UKs finest food retailers having 519 stores in England, Wales, and Scotland. And 105 stores in France managed by wine producer and 44 in Hungary managed by international. Tesco offers best reasonable prices. Tesco meets the need of customers opinions regarding advance product quality, choice, store facilities and service Tesco is the main profitable investment with progressive return. Tesco is introducing young talents and sound management of workers and training practices and giving job on marit basis not by personal relations.Tesco maintaining its relationships with product makers supplier on quality and price criteria. Tesco is co operating on making of food in industry. also Providing good environment and protection. Ownership can be defined as Employee or executive who has the principle responsibility for a business, or project The public sector in this type of ownership only British people can get ownership in Tesco to gain profit. Sole Traders controlled and financed by one person. Least expensive form of ownership to organize. Sole proprietors receive all income generated by the business to keep or reinvest. Partnerships contains 2 -20 members who share their assets and profits from business. Public Limited Companies (PLCs) shares to the general public it contains Minimum of 2 but no maximum number of shareholders Private Limited Companies contains financed and controlled by between 2 and 50 shareholders. Franchises .A business which has bought the right to trade under established name in different cities.e.g McDonalds, KFC. Co-operatives it contains Groups of people who enter business and share the benefits customers Co-operatives, Producer Co-operatives, Worker Co-operatives. Charitable trust for helping famines and collect funds from rich .and also receives funds from GOVT. OXFAM It is a trouble reliever organization which includes 14 countries organization with 3,000 partners in around 100 countries to decrease poverty and injustice .It can be define as an International organization which helps and provide training and financial aid to people in developing countries and disaster areas. A UK based organization which was established in the 1942. Oxfam is campaigns, development program and emergency response by co operation of internationally connected associations. Oxfam international was formed in 1995 by an independent non government organization. Development Works with local partner organization And helps poor and poverty. And realizing People Their rights e.g. education, health Emergency Oxfam provides life saving aids during Emergency and help people for Future Crises Campaigning Putting the pressure on leaders to make long lasting change Oxfam International is group of 13 independent association contains Germany Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, , Great Britain, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Ireland, The Netherlands, Quebec, Spain and the United States. Why Oxfam exist? Oxfam exists to make a global impact on the causes of poverty. Today mostly countries areas are facing problems and Oxfam is the most efficient organization to help them. Campaign initiatives, planning and putting into practice new tactics and strategies to spread climate change.oxfam is trying to make relationships globally with international NGOs to develop prosperity. Objectives of OXFAM: Relieve suffering caused by natural disasters.Oxfam supports peace and understanding based upon mutual tolerance and respect. Strengthen peoples capacity to help them. Oxfam works for trade justice, fair trade, education and aid, health, HIV/AIDS, conflict ,campaigning and natural disasters, human rights, and climate change. Oxfams International purpose. The main purposes of Oxfam are Promote, assist and manage relationship between the Oxfam international to do help all disasterd people globall.and earning name at international level And removing poverty OXFAM has its committee in different countries which are as under Oxfam GB (Great Britain) .Oxfam Canada.Oxfam America. Oxfam GB (Great Britain) independent non-profit organization is the biggest family for help and has large capacity of workers and income for famines . In UK OXFAM GB was originated in 1942. Oxfam Canada is first member of Oxfam International, and was developed in 1963.in at start Canada Oxfam faced troubles soon Canada began to analyse its role in the development process. OXFAM in AMERICA an independent non-profit organization was developed in America in 1970 and fight for independence and shelter. Advantages of Oxfam are they dont have to pay tax. they get ready to help other. they receive money from businessman and Government. TESCO Stakeholder Stakeholder can be defined as a person, group or organization that has direct and indirect position in organization. It is affected by organizations rules, polices and decisions. Tesco has many stakeholders. Government, Customers, Employees, Local Community, Suppliers, and Pressure Groups: they all have equal importance in building of Tesco Customers. Usually a customer wants quality goods at a low cost. They would also want a variety of products to choose from key holders Diagram of stakeholder in organization Supplier Owners Government Creditors Customer Directors Workers Community Unions Key stakeholders in a business organization Customers. These are the people who buy products from shops and to save lives of needy people. Customers want reliable products and at low prices. Employees its how you manage in any situation; understand the customer; be first with the customer use your strength to deliver unbeatable value and look after the staff so they can look after the customer, teamwork trust and respect. Directors they are responsible for business objectives and managing all strategic decisions .director holds discussion at board meetings. Where they make strategy for improving business, Managers they are responsible for obtaining goals creating atmosphere of work among workers, each manager has handles accounting, law marketing, and sales production. Suppliers they supply products at commercial level like banking .they supply goods to different branches. Owners they are the business, assets holder, and pay the workers. Pressure groups not put up candidates for election, but seeks to influence government policy rules. Trade unions function is discuss pay and working conditions and creates discipline among workers Employee Associations they set up pay packages and employees for resolving argument. Stakeholders of Oxfam Stakeholder can be defined as a person, group or organization that has direct and indirect position in organization. It is affected by organizations rules, polices and decisions. Volunteers they are the workers who help in building Oxfams strength. Volunteering is a personal Choice, not a compulsory job. Express values in activities that are meaningful. And co operates for helping in medicine, education, or emergency rescue. Campaign supporters The Individuals, celebrities, politicians and organizations across the run campaign for collecting funds and to remove illiteracy and poverty. Individual donors this types of donors can make decisions faster, they mostly work in under developed countries to make them growing countries, and feel this easy to work alone. Donate personally money, clothes for removing poverty. Customers are the main participant in organization. They help by buying food, drinks, and also help organization by used drink bottles and wrappers for recycling and make collection for Oxfam. Without their involvement it is not possible collecting money for Oxfam. Employees they are workers of Oxfam and work in flood relieving, food preparation, palcing people in save places when they get infected. Pressure groups they help in protesting if Government is not funding properly.ank manage strike on roads, institutes, cites and encourage people for infected s help from Govt. FUNCTIONAL AREA OF TESCO Board of Directors Finance department Marketing sales department Production department Finance manager Accountant Marketing manager Area sales manager Sales staff Production manager Production supervisor Production workers Human resource department Human resource manager Clerical assistant ICT department Board of directors people are the people of tesco who have decision-making rights, voting rights specific responsibilities which in each case are separate and distinct from the authority and responsibilities of owners and managers of the business entity. Finance department is responsible of balance sheets, profit and loss of tesco and responsible to keep records of fund and all planning of Tesco financial income and loss. Finance manager duties are to make investment sheets ,financial reports, activities, and implement cash management strategies. Accountant helps managers to make reports, investments (savings), and tax implementations. Handles profit loss details, cost production, financial statements. Marketing sales department function is to understand users needs and fulfil requirements with quality of goods and also pay attention to their demands and fulfil that correctly. Sales manager sales out products and provide services to the customer for the profit and want to become finest retailer. They ake products available for all customers. Production Tesco is to make sure that the goods of Tesco are formed on time and is in a suitable quality for the customers. And maintain furniture. Production managers duty is to handle all kind of goods preparation demands and duration when product will get ready for customers and at given time and at exact time and standard. Production workers made goods according to the user demands and works exactly in uniform way. They have to know all about what customer wants and what kind of material should use. Human resources keep hold of good experienced staff and only choose hardworking employees and They deal with the recruitment, employees, planning, training and paying to employees. ICT (International Computers and Tabulators) its main function is to check that all data of Tesco is stored properly. All computer software are working, all business websites are accessing.(tescopls.com) FUNCTIONAL AREA OF OXFAM Oxfam ambassadors Political counsellors Deputy Chief of mission Defence attached Economic counsellor Public affairs Chief security assistant Administrative counsellor Director Counsellor office Agency representatives Director Peace Corps Ambassadors are the highly ranked representative within a nation for other organization. and directly linked by Government. Political counsellors/ Deputy Chief of mission/ Defence attached they all are directly attached with ambassador an communicate all society problem with each other and make decisions Director is a group of people nominated by the owners of a business who have decision-making authority, voting authority specific responsibilities which in each case is separate and distinct from the authority and responsibilities of owners and managers of the business entity Deputy Chief of missionHe or she acts like a ambassador in absence of chief of mission. He handles matter in absence of chief of mission Political, Economic, Public Affairs, Management) at the Embassy,. Director Peace Corps US company that sends American volunteers to developing countries for educational, agricultural improvements. Tesco Mission and values Planning, calculating and the passing of information form rival is called mission. Tescos mission is to earn profit and sale pure goods. And to sale goods online by using website tesco.com and public dealing in good manner to make regular customers and create significance for customers to earn their lifetime reliability. Values Values of an organization defines it standards. They show Respect to each others Try to give their best. Want to be energetic and fit. Tesco strategies to become are successful international trader, to become famous business party. To be good food provider to put community at the heart of what we do. Objectives Tesco increasing customers by offering buy 1 gets 1 free. Tesco offers best reasonable prices. Tesco meets the need of customers opinions regarding advance, product quality, choice, store facilities and service Tesco is the main profitable investment with progressive return. Tesco is introducing young talents and sound management of workers and training practices and giving job on merit basis not by personal relations. Tesco maintaining its relationships with supplier (product makers) on strict quality and price criteria.Tesco is co operating on making of food in industry. Provides good environment and protection Strategic Planning Tesco is trying to make shopping easy and comfortable. Seeking to low price to help people Lessing prices. Smart objectives of Tesco Specific Tesco wants to make profit its sale. Measurable Tesco is leading in business by its major shares in market. Achievable Tesco achieve its goal by increasing its customers and making profits. Tesco has achieved it by good quality products. Realistic Tesco is third big company in world. OXFAM Mission It acts for attitudinal change to facilitate in development, socially and economically. It helps famine and giving life to them. Values satisfactory behavior within organization. Behavior of individuals within the organization. And Flexible commitment. Use time and resources efficiently Strategic aims and objectives Oxfam works for trade justice, fair trade, education and aid, health, HIV/AIDS, conflict ,campaigning and natural disasters, human rights, and climate change. and supporting children by educating them and providing food. Oxfam strategic planning process Oxfam is worlds 3rd largest nonprofit organization and Oxfam strategic planning process is to works for the removal of poverty. To fight homelessness and also for the development of undeveloped area and for progress of organization. Smart objectives of Oxfam Specific Reducing Poverty is specific objective. Measurable Oxfam is responding to 26 emergency situations worldwide. Relevant skills Oxfam is finding people who have skills to tackle problems. Time-based Oxfam includes 14 countries union working in more than 100 countries. M1 Point of Views of different stakeholders Directors the business through meetings with top managers and managing stretegies for progress of tesco.Employees should work hard on making good quality products that will make profit and also increase pay and conditions of Employees and also helpful for safety, health and pension arrangements. Customers views are to getting latest brands and saving by low price products. D1 Evaluate the influence different stakeholders exert in one organization Stakeholders stand for great influence in organization. Developing countries employees make fashionable clothes and brands to exert little power over their employers to give them jobs and getting new products. Owners are the organizations main stakeholders and gain profit and pays all bills and wages to workers and remain profit shares with shareholders directors pay attention to make strategy and decisions regarding organization Government influences by law rights to change behaviour of environmental or health and safety. Employees exert main role in business profit or loss. When the economy is active they work hard and make extra products. Customers also create great influence within an organization by purchasing products from store or online at low prices. Conclusion I was given an Assignment of two contrasting organizations Tesco and Oxfam. I found that both organizations are serving better in their departments and both are for people. in both organizations stake holder are more important participant because if you dont have too many stake holder and your profitable and non profitable organizations will not succeed in their missions. Recommendations I would like to recommend the both different organization one is profit gaining Tesco and nonprofits gaining Oxfam have good customer connection because Oxfam is an international charity which is focused on fighting poverty and providing them shelter.and Tesco is providing daily needs products for customers and also providing funds to Oxfoam so that they can participate in decreasing poverty. So both plays important role for customers.

Essay examples --

In the given constraints of Cost, Bulkiness and Portability we will design a smart phone based Fundus imaging device. Device application software will solve the more problem like: Automatic Glaucoma Detection and Image Enhancement problem so that its doesn't required trained user for operation. That will be possible by embedding the Optical(image capturing unit), Electronic (Microprocessor), Communication media(Wi-fi,Blue-tooth,Web etc) and Data base in a single device (Figure 2.1). This section will capture magnified fundus image in CMOS Camera. To make its possible by interfacing direct ophthalmoscope with CMOS Camera.Ophthalmoscope is an instrument that is use for examining the interior structures of the eye, especially the retina, consisting essentially of a mirror that reflects light into the eye and a central hole through which the eye is examined. Here it will interface device and human eye. We will used smart phone high resolution ($>$ 5MP) Camera for the same. Use a mobile phone holder (Rapid Prototype Model) to mount Mobile phone camera on ophthalmoscope. section{Image Accusation and Data management} Optical image of the fundus is converted into digital form by Mobile phone inbuilt Camera. Initially capture image/video is saved in local on board memory or SD Card. This section handles the data organization and management work such that we can easily find out any patient data.To organized data it will do flowing task: egin{enumerate} item{Create Folder whose Name is same Patient ID} item{Save Image/Video in that folder} item{Right and Eye Information is used to do file naming .} end{enumerate} section{Image Processing} This section will perform all the image processing task, that is widely separated into two ... ...paration of around 10 mm. The ophthalmoscope used provides an easy entry into the eye, together with a wider field of view to better observe eye conditions. paragraph{} The unit captures the fundus image in a JPEG format, which gets stored in the phone. The image is then processed for detection of its optical disk and cup, after which the respective areas are calculated to compute the CDR for setting up the threshold for the affected eye. The image processing operations as discussed above are inbuilt in the Android Application. paragraph{} The setup for capturing the fundus image of a person's eye using the developed system is shown in figure 2.2. The system is held very close to the person's eye to be detected for Glaucoma. The real time application on the phone displays the image. Also, it prints out the result in a format which can easily be interpreted.

Fitzgerald at Princeton Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

Fitzgerald at Princeton While he was a student at the Newman School, called St. Regis in This Side of Paradise, F. Scott Fitzgerald became enamored with Princeton. He attended the first Harvard-Princeton game since 1896 on November 4, 1911 and Princeton won 8-6 on a blocked kick that was returned for a touchdown (Tate, 199). His aunt offered to pay for his education at Georgetown, but Fitzgerald wanted to go to Princeton. When his grandmother died in 1913, she left money that made Princeton available. Fitzgerald did not do well on the entrance exams though, so he had to travel to Princeton to re-take the tests and have a personal interview. Supposedly, Fitzgerald convinced the admissions office that it would be cruel to deny him on his birthday and he began at Princeton in the fall of 1913. Fitzgerald desired to play freshman football but his career was cut short. Depending on who you ask, he either wrenched his knee and was unable to play or was cut from the squad on the first day of practice (Tate, 200). With football out of the picture, he chose to participate in the Triangle Club, an original musical comedy group, and the Princeton Tiger, a humor magazine. Fitzgerald roomed off campus his freshman year because of insufficient dorm space. He took Latin, English, Physics, French, Personal Hygiene, and two math courses. He was critical of the English Department, saying that it made students lose interest in literature, but he educated himself by reading extensively outside of the class. In the spring of his freshman year, he wrote the book and lyrics to the Triangle Club’s Fie! Fie! Fi-Fi! which was to be performed that winter. Fitzgerald began his sophomore year by failing a make-... ...ald signed up for intensive military training, effectively ending his college career. He did not graduate with the class of 1917 but was included in the yearbook and received two votes for Most Brilliant, two for Handsomest, five for Prettiest, two for Thinks He Is The Best Dressed, eight for Thinks He Is The Biggest Politician, and six for Biggest Dramatist. Fitzgerald’s return for his senior year in the fall of 1917 was really only a waiting period and in November he was called to duty in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, leaving Princeton as a student forever. (Eble, .43). Bibliography Eble, Kenneth E. F. Scott Fitzgerald. New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc, 1963. Tate, Mary Jo. F. Scott Fitzgerald A to Z. New York: Facts on File, Inc, 1998. http://www.capitalcentury.com/1920.html http://etc.princeton.edu/CampusWWW/Companion/fitzergald_francis_scott.html Fitzgerald at Princeton Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays Fitzgerald at Princeton While he was a student at the Newman School, called St. Regis in This Side of Paradise, F. Scott Fitzgerald became enamored with Princeton. He attended the first Harvard-Princeton game since 1896 on November 4, 1911 and Princeton won 8-6 on a blocked kick that was returned for a touchdown (Tate, 199). His aunt offered to pay for his education at Georgetown, but Fitzgerald wanted to go to Princeton. When his grandmother died in 1913, she left money that made Princeton available. Fitzgerald did not do well on the entrance exams though, so he had to travel to Princeton to re-take the tests and have a personal interview. Supposedly, Fitzgerald convinced the admissions office that it would be cruel to deny him on his birthday and he began at Princeton in the fall of 1913. Fitzgerald desired to play freshman football but his career was cut short. Depending on who you ask, he either wrenched his knee and was unable to play or was cut from the squad on the first day of practice (Tate, 200). With football out of the picture, he chose to participate in the Triangle Club, an original musical comedy group, and the Princeton Tiger, a humor magazine. Fitzgerald roomed off campus his freshman year because of insufficient dorm space. He took Latin, English, Physics, French, Personal Hygiene, and two math courses. He was critical of the English Department, saying that it made students lose interest in literature, but he educated himself by reading extensively outside of the class. In the spring of his freshman year, he wrote the book and lyrics to the Triangle Club’s Fie! Fie! Fi-Fi! which was to be performed that winter. Fitzgerald began his sophomore year by failing a make-... ...ald signed up for intensive military training, effectively ending his college career. He did not graduate with the class of 1917 but was included in the yearbook and received two votes for Most Brilliant, two for Handsomest, five for Prettiest, two for Thinks He Is The Best Dressed, eight for Thinks He Is The Biggest Politician, and six for Biggest Dramatist. Fitzgerald’s return for his senior year in the fall of 1917 was really only a waiting period and in November he was called to duty in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, leaving Princeton as a student forever. (Eble, .43). Bibliography Eble, Kenneth E. F. Scott Fitzgerald. New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc, 1963. Tate, Mary Jo. F. Scott Fitzgerald A to Z. New York: Facts on File, Inc, 1998. http://www.capitalcentury.com/1920.html http://etc.princeton.edu/CampusWWW/Companion/fitzergald_francis_scott.html

Characters in Hamlet and Young Hamlet

The theme of revenge is a primary source of discord among the characters in Hamlet. Vengeance affects each person who is exacting it and those present around them. In particular, Hamlet, Laertes, and Claudius’s retribution leads to their demise. William Shakespeare's Hamlet can be defined as a revenge tragedy. In Shakespeare's Hamlet, the reader sees a noble, heroic central character that is destroyed because a defect in his character either causes him to involve himself in circumstances which overpower him, or make him incapable of dealing with a destructive situation caused by another character or by circumstances. The play ends with the death of the central character. But before he dies, he achieves insights which make him a more perceptive human being than he was when the play began. This central character, Hamlet, shows his love directly and indirectly to the reader. Hamlet is noble in birth and person, a prince of extraordinary intelligence: and, as the action of the play proves, he is heroic. His defect (indecision, excessive imagination, irrationality, madness, etc. ) prevent him from seizing control of the world Claudius has created. His death closes the play, but only after he experiences and expresses illuminations about human life and death. After Hamlet's Father died, it cast an unwanted and heavy cloud upon Hamlet's soul. Throughout the play Hamlet learns that his Father's death was no mistake, but it was Hamlet's Uncle's plan to murder him. This, of course, throws a much larger burden on Hamlet's hands and the thirty year old prince seeks revenge continuously. Hamlet learned from the ghost of his Father about the betrayal Claudius had planned. The ghost of his Father tells him to â€Å"Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder,† Act 1, Scene 3; Line 74]. He also directs Hamlet away from killing his Mother. Revenge causes the characters in Hamlet to act blindly through anger and emotion, rather than through reason. It is based on the principle of an eye for an eye; this action is not always the best means to an end. Fortinbras, Laertes, and Hamlet were all looking to avenge the deaths of their Fathers. They all acted on emotion driven by the want of revenge concerning their Father's deaths, and this led to the downfall of two, and the rise to power of one. Since the head authority figures of the three major families were each murdered, the eldest sons of these families felt that they needed to take some kind of action to avenge their Father's deaths. This need to bring honour to their respective families was ultimately the demise of Laertes and Hamlet. Firstly, Hamlet displays anger toward his Uncle, King Claudius for marrying his Mother, Queen Gertrude, so quickly after the tragic death of his Father, King Hamlet. However, the main source of his anger begins with his feelings of despise for his Mother who chose to marry Claudius so soon after her own husbands’ death. Hamlet constantly allows this incident to brood in him and overrule every other thought and action he takes. Hamlet is convinced that the level of grief he feels for his Father’s death is the standard that everyone around him should be following. Since Gertrude does not express the same intensity of sorrow that Hamlet does, he is left furious at her and those in similar standing. ‘Tis not alone my inky cloak, good mother, Nor customary suits of solemn black, Nor windy suspiration of forced breath, No, nor the fruitful river in the eye, Nor the dejected haviour of the visage†¦Ã¢â‚¬  [Act 1, Scene 2; lines 77-86]. Secondly, King Hamlet’s ghost shares with Hamlet the cause of his death and how his murderer, Claudius, seduced Gertrude even before his death. â€Å" ’Tis given out that, sleeping in mine orchard, A serpent stung me; so the whole ear of Denmark Is by a forged process of my death,† [Act I, Scene 5; lines 35-37]. â€Å"The serpent that did sting thy father’s life Now wears his crown. [Act 1, Scene 5; lines 39-40]. â€Å"O wicked wit and gifts, that have the power So to seduce! – won to his shameful lust The will of my most seeming-virtuous queen;† [Act 1, Scene 5; lines 45-47]. Nevertheless, the ghost warns Hamlet to leave Queen Gertrude alone, to kill Claudius but not harm her. â€Å"Taint not thy mind, nor let thy soul contrive Against thy mother aught; leave her to heaven,† [Act 1, Scene 5; lines 86-87]. In response to the ghost’s news Hamlet does not take action instantly, but instead, records the event in his journal showing a fascinating personality characteristic. Interestingly, there were three major families in the tragedy of Hamlet. These were the family of King Fortinbras, the family of Polonius, and the family of King Hamlet. Fortinbras, King of Norway, was killed by King Hamlet; slain by sword during a man-to-man battle. â€Å"†¦ Lost by his father, with all bonds of law, to our most valiant brother. â€Å"[Act 1, Scene 2; lines 24-25]. This entitled King Hamlet to the land that was possessed by Fortinbras because it was written in a sealed compact. Furthermore, Hamlet is slow to act in regards to killing Claudius but he does act rashly, without thinking. He is presented with numerous opportunities to kill Claudius but does not take those chances, which result in Hamlet being the murderer in the accidental death of Polonius. Polonius was an advisor to the King, and Father to Laertes and Ophelia. He was definitely a prying Father who did not trust his children, and at one point in the play, used his daughter to probe Hamlet. Young Hamlet killed Polonius while he was secretly listening in on a conversation between Hamlet and his Mother. â€Å"How now! A rat? Dead, for a ducat, dead! â€Å"[Act 3, Scene 4; Line 25]. King Hamlet of Denmark killed King Fortinbras, only to be killed by his brother, Claudius. â€Å"†¦ My offence is rank, it smells to high heaven; A brother's murder†¦ † Each of these events affected the sons of the deceased in the same way. Laertes discovered his Father's death, and immediately returned home. He confronted King Claudius and accused him of the murder of his Father. Claudius told Laertes that Hamlet was responsible for his Father's death. Laertes takes action, deciding to scheme and kill Hamlet in order to avenge the death of his Father. In addition, he and Claudius concoct a plot to kill Hamlet. â€Å"I will do’t: And for that purpose I’ll anoint my sword. I bought an unction of a mountebank, So mortal, that but dip a knife in it, Where it draws blood no cataplasm so rare,† [Act 4, Scene 7; Lines 140-144]. Laertes and Claudius follow with a proposal of a duel to Hamlet, which he accepts, even though he senses a foreboding. Hamlet does end up dying of wounds from the poisoned tipped sword Laertes used. â€Å"†¦ Hamlet, thou art slain†¦ the treacherous instrument is in thy, unbated and envenom'd†¦ ‘[Act 5, Scene 2; lines 306-313]. Throughout the play Hamlet proceeds to try and prove his Uncle's guilt, and then finally kills him while he himself is dying of poisoned wounds inflicted by Laertes during their duel. â€Å"The point envenomed too! Then venom, to thy work†¦ Here, thou incestuous, murderous, damned Dane, drink off this potion, is thy union here? Follow my mother. â€Å"[Act 5, Scene 2; lines 314-315, 317-319]. This left the King dead, and his Father's death avenged, with Gertrude dying shortly beforehand of the poisoned wine she drank as Claudius watched her. â€Å"No, no, the drink, the drink! O my dear Hamlet! –The drink, the drink! I am poison’d! [Act 5, Scene 2; lines 301-303]. The lack of thought used in exacting the revenge led to the deaths of Laertes, Hamlet, Claudius and Gertrude. Laertes planned with Claudius to kill Hamlet with the poisoned tipped sword, but they had not thought that the sword might be used against them. With Laertes believing the King's accusations th at Hamlet had murdered his Father, he fights Hamlet and wounds him once with the poisoned tipped sword. Hamlet proceeds to wound Laertes with the same sword, exacting his death. Hamlet had many chances to kill his Uncle, but his rage outweighed his better judgement; and he chose to wait until he assumed God could see no good in Claudius, and then strike him down into a world of eternal damnation. â€Å"Now might I do it pat, now he is praying†¦ A villain kills my father; and for that, I, his sole son, do this same villain send to heaven. â€Å"[Act 3, Scene 3, lines 74-98]. Hamlet waits until he can kill his Uncle while he is performing a sin but unfortunately for Hamlet, his next chance to exact revenge on Claudius is his own death. Revenge, being the driving force in the play Hamlet, is also one reason why it is a tragedy. Hamlet allows his revenge for his own justice to become his everything, consuming him. It is this rage that eventually drives him to madness and murder. Ironically, Claudius, Laertes, and Hamlet all died of the same sword. Revenge was the core strength behind three of the main characters of the play, ensuing in each of their downfalls. â€Å"If thou didst ever hold me in thy heart, Absent thee from felicity a while, And in this harsh world draw thy breath in pain, To tell my story. Act 5, Scene 2; lines 339-342]. The self interest demonstrated by Claudius, Laertes and Hamlet caused destruction in their own lives, which of course affected many lives around them. Driven by retribution, they did not consider the affect their anger would have on themselves or those they loved. â€Å"Of accidental judgments, casual slaughters, Of deaths put on by cunning and forced cause, And, in this upshot, pu rposes mistook Fall’n on the inventors’ heads: all this can I Truly deliver. † [Act 5, Scene 2; lines 375-379].

Friends and Family

Friends are biggest value in people’s lives. I have many friends. Most of them are my neighbors, but also I have schoolmates. I can go out somewhere with them and feel comfortable. I know that friends of mine will help me anytime and anywhere. I can trust them. I have one best friend. I may pin his faith. Friendship between a friend of mine and me is firm and intense. He always helps me solve problems and treats me with respect. A friend of mine has never lied to me. It is better to say home truth that sweet lie. If I am upset, my best friend will jolly up me. He is caring, cheerful, trustworthy, outgoing and good-tempered. He is younger than I am. I think that age is not important for a friendship if you can come to an understanding and respect each other. I have friends among people of a different generation. I like younger mates because I can be child . Older people are serious and calm. They care about their studies or jobs. They have less free time. However, I like them because they can teach me something and share their experience. Older friends may help me to do my homework and explain me what I cannot understand. Friends are one of life treasures so that we have to treasure our friendships. It is not easy to make friends nowadays. The true friend should be honest and trustworthy. Without these characteristics, you cannot have a friendship with anyone. Person must be sociable, tolerant, conscientious, and good-tempered if he wants make friends. Furthermore, he must understand other person’s feelings and moods and always help him. If person wants not to lose old friends, he should care about them. He should call them and ask how they are. We should safe our relationships. If we break friendship, it will be hard to recover it. I suppose that friendship is a state when you feel important and you know that you can do something helpful or needful to your friend. Sometimes you see somebody for the first time and that is strange when you feel you are friends for ages. My ideal friend has to be himself. I don’t think, I should name any of his/her (later on: he) character features. It’s even doesn’t matter when he has something, what doesn’t exist in rules of ideal man – e. g. unpolitness. It’s better when the social mask is not worn and you can talk to your friend and be absolutely ensured that he is not lying and he will help not every time, but only those times, when he could. I believe that’s very important. I don’t agree also to the idea that friends, having in common only external personalities are bad ones. I don’t think that it’s good to have a friend for a life. After some years you feel kind of exhausted and the light of the friendship begins to go out. People with external similarities can also be very good friends and the ones only with internal sometimes even can’t talk – e. . when he thinks right the same way, i think, it’s not interesting for me to talk with him, because i know how he thinks and i want to know more different people and to hear different oppinions. So, I must disappoint you, but I needless to say, having some internal common points. You don’t have to have a friend (like the po em, we read, says) but having one makes your life, your steps through the life much more easier and funnier. Nowadays often debated theme is the choice between a family and friends. For me a family is more important than friends. There are some thoughts about this lemma. Firstly, I think that a family is more important than friends, because when you are born you fall into a family not into your friends’ circle. First people with whom you get acquainted after your birth are your faSecondly, when we are teenagers for us it looks like that our family members are our enemies. We try to run from our family to our friends, but if it happens a really big problem, we come back to our family, because family is our most immediate and precious people. In our hearts we know that if nobody helps us, we can always rely on our family. But if we look at the another side of the coin, we can see that sometimes there are such problems in a family that parents can’t take care of their own children. In such situation we can trust just for our friends help, because family can’t help us. Finally, I think that not just family members have to help us. Sometimes we must help our family. Maybe then we will be able to say that our choice is family. In conclusion, I can say that we should never forget our nearest realatives. We should never forget and abandon our family. mily members. With no-one else, but just with your family help, you get known the world. Friends and family are important in our lifes, but the question is – which, friends or family, are more important for us? I believe that family is more significant then friends. In the first place, we can always trust our family’s members. When we have a trouble and we need some help, who will help us first? Of course, our family’s members. In addition, family supports you materrialy. Everything what you are wering, all notebooks, pens and other things you need at school and not just here are bought by your parents ( If you are still child ). Who else if not they buy you all these thinkgs abd help you tu survive? On the other hand, some people think, that friends are more important for their lifes. However, most of them forgot that friends are with you just while everything is good. Unfrotunately, when something bad occurs to you and you need their help, most of them turn their backs. Finally, I believe that family is the biggest support in our lifes, that’s why they are more imposrtant.

Nicaragua Research Paper

Nicaragua is the second poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, but is also full of history, tradition and life. It is known for its great folk music, deep heritage and culture. Nicaragua is hidden jewel with warm, gorgeous culture and breathtaking nature. It is surrounded by its incredible history, culture and nature. Nicaragua is a little larger than New York State. The capital of Nicaragua is Managua and other major cities are Bluefield, Chinandega, Granada, Jinotega, Leon, Masaya, Matagalpa and Rivas. The climate on highlands is cooler and in lowlands is tropical.Nicaragua is warm and has many land that has lakes, mountains; rivers, volcanoes, sea and sun. The country is divided into three geographic regions which are the Pacific Lowlands on the west, the mountainous Central Region and the Atlantic Lowlands on the east. The central Region is an area with mountains and ranges over 3,281 feet above sea level. â€Å"There are oaks, pines, moss, ferns and orchids are abundant in the massive cloud forests of the region. † [1] There are many hikers and backpackers; many walk along the tree shaded paths which can lead you to clear waters of the mountain springs.Nicaragua’s tropical east coast is far different from the rest of the country. The climate is tropical with high temperature and high humidity. The city of Bluefields is located here, English mostly spoken. Nature lovers will find interest in the tropical forests of the area. â€Å"A great variety of birds are to be studied including eagles, turkeys, toucans, parakeets and macaws. † [2] Animal life in the area includes several different species of monkeys, ant-eaters, white-tailed deer and tapirs. The Pacific Lowlands area runs from the Gulf of Fonseca, on Nicaragua's Pacific border with Costa Rica south of Lake Nicaragua.From this lowland strip, you can view the Maribios mountain range, with its 25 volcanic cones, which towers over most of the beautiful and impressive beaches found anywhere else in Central America. This region is the most populated. About 27 percent of the nation's entire population lives in and around Managua, which is known as the capital city. In addition there are many beaches and resort communities located in the Pacific Lowlands. This area is the Spanish colonial heritage, many cities such as Granada and Leon are as well in Spanish colonial architecture and artifacts.In the year 1998, Hurricane Mitch tore into Nicaragua causing the worst natural disaster of the twentieth century. Till this day the country has slowly been reconstructing their economy. Nicaragua not only has suffered from economy issues but has suffered from political instability, civil war, poverty foreign intervention and natural disasters. Thousands of people died. Some were stuck in mudslides or drowned because rivers broke their banks, which caused towns and villages to flood. â€Å"Roads, bridges, houses, crops and animals were swept away, which left people with a d estroyed land, towns and villages. [3] In order for people to survive and stay safe they would climb trees, and hung from roofs of their home to escape the high dangerous waters. People were hungry, cold and some were sick because they were waiting to be rescued which took really long. Disease began to rapidly spread because decomposing bodies and rotting animal’s flesh contaminated the water supplies. As many as 3,000 people died the day Hurricane Mitch came. About more than a fifth of the population was, stranded in camps; most of people’s home and livelihoods were destroyed when Mitch hit Nicaragua.To rebuild the country would take decades and the estimate cost would be over one billion dollars. Nicaragua has dealt with other tragedies like the earthquake that destroyed many hotels, shops. The earthquake destroyed all offices in the year 1972. Sewage systems and the electricity poles were severely damaged. 4Hurricane Mitch has left a negative impact on the country i ncluding human lives were lost, crops were destroyed, major environmental damage, and there was also damage to highways, bridges, schools, electrical and water supply systems. Nicaragua is surrounded by its beautiful nature including its incredible history.The name ‘Nicaragua’ came from a chief named Nicarao. He was chief to a digenous tribe that settled in Lake Nicaragua around late 1400’s and early 1500’s. In 1524 Hernandez de Cordoda was the first Spanish settler to live in the region of Granada on Lake Nicaragua and Leon Managua. Nicaragua gained its independents from Spain in 1821, making the country part of the Mexican Empire and becoming a member of independent Central American. Nicaragua became an independent republic. The west side of the country was colonized by Spain in the 1520’s; it also has aspects of Spanish culture like other Spanish speaking Latin American Countries.The Eastern half of the country was once a British protectorate. 5à ¢â‚¬Å"There are several indigenous groups that still maintain a distant identity like the Miskitos, Sumo, Garifuna and Rama. † These groups still use their original languages and some speak English or Spanish. Spaniards settled in the Western Nicaragua in the early 1500’s. The Spaniards met three main tribes that each had their own languages and culture. Spanish is an official language that is spoken in Nicaragua and only seventy percent of the populations are Spanish speakers. Most of the Spanish speakers live either in highlands or lowlands.When the British setter came to Nicaragua they introduced English words to the Spanish speakers in the Western Nicaragua. The Creoles, which are the black people of the Caribbean region, were brought from colonial-era slaves. Creoles are English speakers, even though some speak Spanish as a second language. Creoles in Nicaragua included the Miskitos, Rama, and Sumo. Miskitos that speak English didn’t want anything to do with the Spanish culture. The Miskitos referred the Spanish speaking Nicaraguans as ‘los Espanoles’. The Creoles resented the Western Hispanic culture. Nicaragua remains the second- poorest nation in the hemisphere.One of the things the country suffers from is the constant trading products and managing budgeting. Some traditional export products are coffee, meat and sugar. Some nontraditional exports are vegetables, tobacco products and gold. [4]â€Å"Today Nicaragua’s economy is based on agricultural efforts, since the nation has very fertile land and a low density of population on the land. Export crops such as coffee, cotton, bananas, and sugar rose steadily from 1950 to 1975. † The country was severely damaged by civil war and at the same time it suffered natural disasters including earthquakes floods and hurricanes.Nicaragua has strong, folklore, music and religious tradition, which are organically from the European culture. The different cultures that Ni caraguans are creative, varied, happy and humorous cultures. Palo de Mayo is celebration to welcome the rain, production and new life. â€Å"There is no answer as to how it came to Nicaragua. † Some people believe that it originated from the Nicaraguan Creoles so they believe that it directly came from Jamaica. The music it is danced to is sensual with rhythm and as time went on things was added on to it. Palo de Mayo is a very huge part of the Nicaragua culture.Nicaragua's food is known as the finest in the Central America. They are famous for using fresh ingredients. Nicaragua shares the same flavors and ingredients with Mexican, Honduras and Guatemala food. Nicaraguans consume corn tortillas with most meals. Tortillas are larger and thin and are made of white corn. This is used as an edible utensil to wrap meat and beans. When most people cannot afford meat regularly they eat beans because beans have protes. A breakfast dish the most Nicaraguans eat is red beans, which are small red beans that are put into Gallo pinto.They are known as red rooster and it a mixture with red and red beans. Another meal the Nicaraguans enjoy is tamales. Tamales are and entire meal that has corn, rice, tomatoes, chili, potatoes, cassava root and sometimes has meat in them. They are wrapped in a leaf and are cooked. Popular fruits are mangos and plantains. [5]â€Å"Nicaraguans drink coffee with hot milk at breakfast or black with sugar. † A famous drink that is known in the nation is Pinol. Pinol is a nonalcoholic drink, which is made from corn flour and water. Food isn’t the only famous part in Nicaragua; music as well is really huge.Nicaragua’s music and dances are from the heritage and mixture if the different cultures that are around. Each region has its own traditions, and all Nicaraguans consider themselves to share on cultural identity. Some musical instruments that is famous is the marimba, in Nicaragua it is made with hardwood plates, which i s placed over bamboo or metal tubes of vary lengths. A sitting performer normally plays it while they are holding it with there knees. The marimba player is usually accompanied by a bass fiddle, a guitar player. The music that Nicaraguans listen quite varies.They enjoy all types of music coming from Cuba to the Unties States and Dominican Republic. They listen to tons of music that are form different countries. The music in Nicaragua has a mixture of European and Spanish influence. Tourism in Nicaragua is known nation wide and has increased travelers to come visit Nicaragua. The growth in the tourism industry left a positive impact in agricultural, commercial and in finance industries. A famous spot that caught tourist attention is the colonial city of Granada, cities like San Juan del Sur, San Juan River, Ometepe and Mombacho attract many tourists. 6]â€Å"In 2005, 803, 933 tourist visited Nicaragua and many of the tourist came from Europe and United States of America. † Tou rist attractions are volcanoes, sand skiing, doing activities such as hiking, climbing, camping and swimming. Nicaragua is referred as the lands of lakes and volcanoes. Tourism improves Nicaragua every year hotels are cheap and there are so many luxury places to visit. There is always something to do while you are visiting or vacationing in Nicaragua. Nicaraguans have the right for freedom of religion and the people are very fond of their belief of god.Roman Catholicism arrived in Nicaragua with the Spanish settlers in the sixteen century. Many Nicaraguans are Roman Catholic but many blacks believe and belong to the Protestant religion. Roman Catholics are people who attend mass, and receive the sacrament are mostly women, upper class and lower class people. Most Catholic churches are in rural communities and priests preach them. A priest leads mass and delivers the sacraments to church members. Blacks from the coast mostly belong to the Pentecostal. One of the largest Pentecostal c hurches in Nicaragua is the Moravian Church and Baptist Convention.Nicaragua’s education is known as being one of the poorest through out Latin America. Its education system has suffered severely. Elementary schools are free, but many children that live in rural areas are unable to attend due to the lack of school around their area and other reasons. [7]â€Å"Children under the age of seven and twelve get free schooling, but only seventy percent of the children attend school. † Communities that are located in the Caribbean coast have schools that teach them in their native language. Nicaragua’s society’s is largely uneducated; twenty percent of first graders only finished the sixth grade.Poverty affects children’s to go to school because most families are unable to afford to pay for their children to attend school. Secondary education institutions are private and too expensive for a vast amount of Nicaraguans. Only eight percent of the population e nrolls in universities, which are mostly upper class families. One of the first universities to be built was in the city of Leon and Managua. Children in Nicaragua wear school uniforms and pay a fee to the school that covers basic school materials. Mostly all schools lack with money to buy sport equipments, science/ computers technology and musical instruments.Students are taught basic subjects but aren’t able to really learn how to use computers or equipments of any kind. There are different times students are able to attend school which is either in the mornings, the afternoons or the evenings because many kids work to increase there family income. Teachers have no incentives, limited training and horrible working space. Teachers are paid very low salaries. Most of the teachers are single or abandoned mothers who work to provide a future for their children. Poverty is on of the biggest social problem in Nicaragua it has been for decades.In Managua poverty is so bad that som e of the urban people live and have house that are made from cardboard boxes with dirt on the floor. Some Nicaraguans do not have access to clean drinking or plumbing water. [8]â€Å"The government in Nicaragua is making progress in improving healthcare and education mostly for the poor and rural communities. † Almost seventy-five percent of families in Nicaragua live in poverty. Families of low- income are framers and land workers, one member per families work at farms. Most of Nicaragua’s rural poor live in vast dry central region, where natural resources are limited to plant.Rural people dependent of crops such as beans, vegetables etc, but at times droughts occur and it affects their food and income. The reason why the rural people are poor is because Hurricane Mitch causes an environmental disaster, and another reason is Nicaragua was in the civil war from 1980 to 1990 and because of that the economic crisis collapses. Nicaragua’s government is divided into three branches; there is the executive, legislative, and the judicial. The executive branch has the president, vice president and an appointed cabinet of ministers.Such as the Ministry of Education, Defense, Environment, Family, Foreign Affairs etc. The legislative branch has ninety- two members of the National Assembly, and it as well enforces the countries law. The judicial branch has the Supreme Court, which is located in Managua and other lower courts. The Supreme Court has twelve judges and has criminal, civil and constitutional matters divisions. The government is responsible to control the urban development, construction, and maintenance of roads, parks, and bridges including creating museums and libraries.In conclusion, Nicaragua is a country that is full of immersing history, culture, nature and tradition. Nicaragua is known as the second’s poorest country in the western Hemisphere. There are many areas that Nicaragua needs to improve like education, poverty and soc ial problem. Nicaragua’s culture is full of history and immersing tradition. Works Cited Channel, By Nicaragua. â€Å"Culture in Nicaragua | By Nicaragua Channel. † Nicaragua Hotels, Travel and Destination Guide | By Nicaragua Channel. Web. 01 Nov. 2010. . Channel, By Nicaragua. â€Å"Page Not Found on Nicaragua. com | By Nicaragua Channel. Nicaragua Hotels, Travel and Destination Guide | By Nicaragua Channel. Web. 01 Nov. 2010. . Merrill, Tim. Nicaragua: a Country Study. Washington (D. C. ): Government Printing Office, 1994. Print. â€Å"Nicaragua – History. † Country Studies. Web. 01 Nov. 2010. . â€Å"Nicaragua Facts. † Sponsor a Child – Compassion. Web. 01 Nov. 2010. . â€Å"People – Nicaragua – Central America: Nicaragua Population, Nicaragua People, Lake Nicaragua, Mestizo People, Center Government. † Countries Quest. Web. 01 Nov. 2010. . Plunkett, Hazel. Nicaragua in Focus: a Guide to the People, Politics and Cul ture. Brooklyn, NY: Interlink, 1999.Print. Plunkett, Hazel. Nicaragua in Focus: a Guide to the People, Politics and Culture. Brooklyn, NY: Interlink, 1999. Print. â€Å"Why Nicaragua? † NICARAGUA Spanish Schools | VOLUNTEER Nicaragua | SPANISH STUDY ABROAD Nicaragua | LEARN SPANISH Granada NICARAGUA | Nicaragua EDUCATIONAL Spanish PROGRAMS | VOLUNTEER OPPORTUNITIES in Nicacaragua | NICARAGUAN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS. Web. 01 Nov. 2010. . â€Å"Youth and Education Issues in Nicaragua. † Foundation for Sustainable Development | Grassroots International Development | Intern, Volunteer, Donate. Web. 01 Nov. 2010. . ———————– 1] http://centralamerica. com/nicaragua/info/general. htm [2] http://centralamerica. com/nicaragua/info/general. htm [3] In focus Nicaragua (A guide to the people, Politics and Culture) Author: Hazel Plunkett [4] http://www. spainshhprogramnicarga. com/nicaragua_information. htm [5] http: elibrary. bi gchalk. com [6] http://www. compasion. com/about/where/nicaragua. htm [7] http://www. spainshprogramnicaragua. com/nicaragua_information. htm [8] http://countrystudies. us/nicaragua/3. htm [9] http://www. nicaragua. com/culture/education [10] http://www. fsinternational. org/country/Nicaragua/hropps